Mocos verdes: tratamiento y cuándo acudir al médico
La presencia de mucosidad en la nariz y la garganta es fisiológica, pero cuando se producen en cantidad aparecen la obstrucción nasal y la dificultad respiratoria. Los mocos son secreciones que cubren las membranas mucosas del cuerpo, de forma viscosa, y que están formados por mucinas y sales inorgánicas suspendidas en el agua. Los procesos catarrales suelen comenzar con mocos y el aumento de su producción en las vías respiratorias en uno de los síntomas de enfermedades comunes como el resfriado, provocado por un virus llamado rinovirus.
¿Qué significa tener los mocos verdes?
En un comienzo los mocos son transparentes o de color claro y van acompañados de congestión nasal, provocando dificultad respiratoria y estornudos. Con el paso de los días se espesan y se vuelven primero blanquecinos, después amarillentos y finalmente terminan siendo verdes. Este cambio se produce a causa de la entrada en escena de los neutrófilos. Cuando un virus agrede la mucosa nasal, estas defensas atacan cualquier agente que pongan en riesgo la salud del organismo. Los neutrófilos fabrican una enzima que es rica en hierro y que le da ese color verde a los mocos. En este momento la enfermedad no es tan contagiosa como en un principio.
El color verde de los mocos en un resfriado sólo es un indicador de que hay una infección en la mucosa nasal o el seno paranasal y que el cuerpo está luchando para eliminarla. Pero, siempre y cuando no haya fiebre, no está relacionado con una sobreinfección. El moco no discrimina si la infección está producida por un virus o una bacteria. Las infecciones respiratorias más comunes como los catarros, las gripes, la mayoría de sinusitis, amigdalitis y bronquitis están producidas por un virus, por lo que su tratamiento nunca debe ser antibiótico. Además de moco, van acompañadas por otros síntomas como cefaleas, dolor de garganta, fiebre, decaimiento y dolores musculares.
Cómo expulsar los mocos
Cuando se genera mucho moco la respiración se vuelva muy molesta y, sobre todo por las noches, aparece la tos. Existen diferentes formas de expulsar los mocos verdes. Las más efectivas son:
- Sonándose la nariz con un pañuelo. Se recomienda presionar solo un lado de la nariz y soplar por el otro. Deben alternarse los lados, para que se vacíen los dos.
- A través de la tos, por la garganta.
- Mediante irrigación nasal con suero salino o agua con sal. Se recomienda hacerlo acostado o de pie, con la cabeza inclinada hacia detrás y la boca cerrada.
- Beber mucho líquido para mantenerse correctamente hidratado.
- Realizar inhalaciones de vapor o poner un humidificador en la habitación.
- Mantenerse en posición erguida al tumbarse para dormir, con la ayuda de una almohada o cojín.
El exceso de moco de resfriados y alergias se puede tratar con medicamentos descongestionantes. Cuando se produce en los bronquios, en el caso del asma y la bronquitis, se trata con medicamentos antiinflamatorios.
Hay que evitar la automedicación y acudir al médico, si se tiene alguna duda sobre cómo eliminar estos mocos. Y sobre todo se deben evitar los antibióticos, ya que lo único que consiguen es que algunas bacterias se vuelvan más resistentes.
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Dra. Juliana Parisi
Medicina General
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26 comentarios
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